The physical environment consists of the arrangement of mass and space, how the arrangement of mass and space performs an important part of morphological studies. The body and physical form of the city includes structures shaping public spaces and masses consisting of private space, in which the possibility of the occurrence of various social and economic functions and activities have been provided. Space is a manifestation of the pattern of establishment. The arrangement of spatial elements and how they relate within the framework of communication axes in a certain geographical area or area in relation to each other, forms the spatial structure or environmental system of a city. Understanding the interaction between humans and the environment has been one of the challenges of archaeological studies in recent years. For this purpose, it is necessary to study many spaces and areas with the landscape archeology approach. In the meantime, the use of remote sensing techniques has been significantly effective in landscaping archeological studies. This article tries to focus on geographical factors and landscaping attractions, including commercial and agricultural potentials, which increase the population in an area and the reasons that cause population distribution, and vice versa, the effects that population has on the landscape, as well as Emphasis on sites in western Iran and eastern Iraq during the Sassanid period to answer why the pattern of distribution of architectural spaces by a case study of three Parthian-Sassanid sites with similar distribution and spatial structure in western Iran (Qasr Shirin and western Gilan) and eastern Iraq (Clare) And how to create such a particular pattern with governmental, religious, and military uses and replicate it in the region.