Tu-Ali Archaeological Kurgans located in Khoda Afarin in East Azerbaijan province had been excavated in 2010. The objects were excavated in these graves include ornaments, bronze and pottery works. In this research, 6 pottery were selected from Kurgan .13; First, classification and identification of species as well as their precise identification was done with the aim of achieving the technology, the amount of composition of elements. Also, the damage to the samples was identified. The questions of this research are: 1-What is the method of Making the pottery of Tu-Ali Kurgans? 2-What is the damages that occur in these Pottery?
In order to achieve the desired goals, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction(XRD) for identifying unknown crystalline phases, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)used to determine the elemental composition of pottery, Fourier-transform infrared Spectrometer (FTIR),Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were used. The composition of elements in all samples was the same and only one showed a higher percentage of Calcite, which can be of secondary origin. The main phases in their bodies were originally composed of Quartz, ,Albite, Anorthite, Illite, Diopside and a small amount of Hematite. Microscopic images showed the presence of cracks. On the other hand, the texture of the body is not uniform, which Indicates low firing temperature. FTIR peaks confirm the presence of phases identified in XRD and indicate the same raw materials and firing conditions of these clay bodies. The DSC and TGA charts of the samples show endothermic reactions around 850-900 C, which can be attributed to the decomposition of Calcite and illite, respectively. The most damage in these pottery includes cracks caused by the efflorescence phenomenon in the conditions of the burial environment.